报告题目(中文)：极端条件下的拉曼散射光谱：高温和辐照下的材料
报告题目(英文)：Raman scattering spectroscopy under extreme conditions: very high temperatures, and materials under irradiation
报告内容简介：Many natural or industrial processes involve materials in extreme or even hostile conditions (temperature, pressure, irradiation, sometimes cumulated) which means that any attempt to analyze these materials is the most often made in a "post-mortem" way, i.e. after the application of these extreme constraints, and going back to ambient temperature/pressure. As examples on magmatic fluids in volcanoes, molten baths in industrial glass furnaces, ceramic materials used in high-temperature industrial processes (preparation/treatment of ceramics, waste incineration, steel furnaces, etc.), the nuclear sector where penalizing temperature and irradiation conditions are often associated, and many others. However, it is essential to obtain data on the behavior of these materials even under these extreme conditions. Then, in situ measurements are the only way to access the reaction mechanisms. Raman scattering spectroscopy can be rather easily adapted to such complex environmental conditions, thanks to the use of optical fibers that allow the measurement to be remote, but also, in direct measurements, with long working distance optics. Two main areas of application will be presented in details. These examples are taken from recent works carried out at CEMHTI. The first one concerns high and very high temperatures (refractory materials up to 3000 K: oxides, nitrides), with liquid droplets in levitation on a gas flux, and heated by a power laser. The second area deals with nuclear materials, from laboratory measurements on model materials and their characterization by Raman imaging, then materials irradiated in an accelerator, up to spent nuclear fuels. These in situ tools were also used for monitoring elaboration of materials, as carbon nanotubes carpets, in a PECVD reactor. Finally, to discuss problems related to Earth sciences, namely the characterization of fluid inclusions in a transparent material, in a different type of extreme conditions: negative pressures inside a liquid, and where Raman scattering allows to follow the strains inside the liquid or its surrounding solid.
报告人姓名：Patrick Simon
报告人简介(中文)：Patrick SIMON，博士，高级研究员。1978年毕业于法国勒芒大学获物理学学士学位，1983年毕业于法国格勒诺布尔大学获光谱学硕士学位，1986年获法国奥尔良大学物理学博士学位。2000年至今，担任法国国家科学研究中心高温辐照化学研究所高级研究员、研究室主任，并担任Annales de Chimie-Science des Matériaux期刊的编辑委员会委员。 Patrick SIMON研究员是国际公认的物质原位结构观测的专家和开拓者，对极端条件下物质结构的原位研究产生了深远的影响。他长期从事于材料物理学，特别是拉曼光谱和材料化学结构方面的研究，涉及基础理论、无序材料氧化物及其光学性能、数值模拟、仪器设计和改进、以及无机功能材料的应用发展等方面。他的研究领域主要包括：（1）拉曼，红外反射和介电谱；（2）电子参量谐振；（3）压电、辐射和核材料；（4）玻璃体系；（5）液体体系，包括液体氧化物、离子和超离子导体；（6）相变；（7）锕系氧化物和核石墨材料。目前的研究工作主要集中在：（1）极端条件下的拉曼散射：超高温（>2500 ℃），以及辐射条件下：采用电子束加速器或高放射性材料（锕系氧化物）；（2）拉曼成像，主要涉及特定的压力条件（负压下的液体）。他受邀在国际会议上作特邀报告14次，在相关领域发表论文244篇，总引用数量超过2346次，h-index 25（不包括自引），撰写著作Introduction aux spectroscopies III (2013-2014) of "Energie Materiaux"一部。此外，他承担并完成了与捷克（1997-1998年）、阿尔及利亚（2009-2011年）和俄罗斯（2012-2014年）等科研单位的国际双边合作项目，主持并参与了中国、西班牙、欧盟等多个科研项目的研究。
报告人简介(英文)：Patrick SIMON, one of the pioneers in in situ Raman studies of materials under extreme conditions, is Senior Scientist and Research Director of CEMHTI, CNRS. After being awarded his Ph. D. degree from Orleans University in France, he was an Associate Scientist in CEMHTI. Then he worked as Senior Scientist since 2000. Patrick SIMON served as Annales de Chimie-Science des Matériaux, in charge of the section on solid minerals. His research interest is in materials physics, especially in Raman spectroscopy and materials chemistry, including basic research on theory, disordered materials oxides and optical properties, computational simulation, device designing and improvement, as well as application development of inorganic functional materials. He is known as the discoverer/inventor of the following famous scopes: (1) Raman, infrared reflectivity and dielectric spectroscopy; (2) electronic parametric resonance; (3) piezoelectric, irradiated and nuclear materials; (4) vitreous systems; (5) liquid systems, including liquid oxides, ionic and superionic conductors; (6) phase transitions; (7) actinide oxides and nuclear graphites. On-going research projects are also in the above areas, and the present activities especially in: (1) Raman scattering in extreme conditions: very high temperatures (>2500 °C), and under irradiation: in beam accelerator facilities, or in highly radioactive materials (actinide oxides); (2) Raman imaging, including under specific pressure conditions (liquids under negative pressures). He has been invited to give invited talks 14 times in international conferences and authored 244 papers in related areas. He wrote the Introduction aux spectroscopies III (2013-2014) of "Energie Materiaux". Total citation number among his publications has been more than 2,346 times, with RG Score 41.60 and h-index 25 excluding self-citations. Patrick SIMON has undertaken and completed a couple of international bilateral programs on scientific cooperation: with Czech Republic (1997-1998), Algeria (2009-2011), and Russia (2012-2014). He has also hosted and attended the key scientific projects: (1) international PhD theses, one with Czech Republic and one with Algeria; (2) involvement in international theses: China and Spain; (3) the French programs: PI of one ANR program, partner of 3 other ones; (4) involvement in 2 European programs.
报告人单位(中文)：法国国家科学研究中心高温和辐照化学研究所
报告人单位(英文)：Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CEMHTI, CNRS)
报告时间：2018-11-23 10:00
报告地点：材料B楼520
主办单位：上海大学材料学院
联系人：尤静林